2001-2011年我国城市空气污染变化特征及分析

Characteristics and analysis of China's cities air pollution changes during 2001-2011

本文主要根据国家环境部2001-2011年所公布的我国86个重点城市空气质量日报的空气污染指数(API)、首要污染物的发生情况、空气质量评价等数据资料,分析了我国11年来城市空气污染的变化特征。结果表明:2001-2011年我国城市API有缓慢下降趋势,空气质量逐步好转;城市大气污染时空分布特征比较明显,华北地区及西北地区可吸入颗粒物污染较为严重。二氧化硫的污染集中体现在华北地区及东北地区和南方部分城市。氮氧化物的发生主要集中在华南及华东地区,内陆城市发生频率较低;我国大气主要污染物的发生在地域上具有同一性;南北方城市差异较大,南方城市空气质量明显优于北方。

Based on the daily air pollution index （ API）, primary pollutant, air quality assessment da- ta of 86 cities in China during 2001 -2011 , issued by the State Environmental Protection Depart- ment, 11 years of urban air changes in characteristics of the pollution were analyzed in this paper. And the results show that： API have slow down trend during 2001 -2011 in China cities, air quality is improved step by step; Urban air pollution time and space distribution characteristics were obvious, PM10 pollution is serious in the north and northwest area. Sulfur dioxide pollution embodied in north and northeast in China and southern parts of the city. The occurrence of nitrogen oxides mainly ap- peared in the south and east, the frequency of inland cities is lower; The main pollutants of atmos- pheric oceun＇ed in the region with identity; there were great difference in the city, the southern cities of air quality is obviously superior to the northern.