技术引进与舰船工业能力发展问题探由

The Research on the Development of Shipbuilding Capacity and Technology Import

舰船工业是典型的技术密集型产业,技术引进是技术较为落后国家发展舰船工业的必要手段。通过技术引进可以形成后发优势,但二者的转化需要具备一定的条件和基础。本文就技术引进如何形成后发优势进行探讨,认为舰船工业技术引进的后发优势不明显;技术引进主要通过引进意会性知识对舰船工业能力发展起促进作用,技术引进模式与舰船工业能力之间存在一种有效率的匹配,二者的动态演化形成了舰船工业的技术发展路径,演化过程有路径依赖性,极易形成技术依赖,学习能力和综合国力是实施过程中的两个主要因素。最后以印度和日本舰船工业的发展为例,进行实证分析。

Shipbuilding is a typical technology-intensive industry,technology import is a necessary means to develop shipbuilding for technology backwardness countries. They can form late-mover advantage through technology import, but it is not converted automatically. If they want to, they need to have the necessary conditions and infrastructure. From existing theory of technology import to discuss how to form late-mover advantage,the paper advocates that late-mover advantage is not obvious and technology import promotes the development of shipbuilding mainly through the modes to increase the import of tacit knowledge~ there is a kind of efficient match between modes of technology import and shipbuilding capacity~ the dy- namic evolution of them forms the developing path of shipbuilding. There is path dependence in the path and it is easy to make one country relies on the other. Learning and comprehensive national strength are the two major factors in the process. Finally, the paper researches the development of India and Japan＇s shipbuilding to verify.