密立根实验所用油滴粘滞系数对电子电量测量精确度影响规律的研究

Studies on the Influence of Viscosity of Oil Used in the Millikan Oil-drop Experiment on the Accuracy of Measured Value of Electronic Charge

本实验选取三种不同粘滞系数的油滴对密立根实验中影响电子电量测量精确度的物理因素、规律及其机制进行了研究。发现测量相对误差及其分布范围随油滴粘滞系数的增加而减少,随油滴下落时间的增加而增加。前者归因于油滴粘滞系数大,造成油滴体积、表面积、摩擦力增大,从而带电量大;后者归因于布朗运动对油滴下落时间测量产生的误差。

Three kinds of oil with different viscosities are used in the Millikan experiment to study the physical factors that influence the accuracy of the measured value of electronic charges,its pattern,as well as the mechanics.It was found that the relative error of the measured value of electronic charges decreases with increasing viscosity,and increases with increasing falling time of the oil drops.The former is attributed to the increase in the number of electrons due to the increase in volume,surface area,as well as friction caused by a higher viscosity.While the latter is the result of the Brownian motion that greatly affects the accuracy of the measurement of fall time.