意大利工蜂咽下腺结构观察

The microscopic observation on the hypopharyngeal glands of the worker honeybee, Apis mellifera L.

通过研究意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂咽下腺的结构及形态,为蜜蜂形态学和蜜蜂生理学以及王浆分泌生理提供新知识。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、HE染色石蜡切片和透射电镜,从形态学和细胞学水平对意大利工蜂咽下腺的结构和功能做了详尽探究和分析。意大利工蜂咽下腺由多个卵圆形腺泡组成,每个腺泡的直径约为120×180μm,腺泡之间有微气管相连,腺泡外侧有神经细胞,神经细胞的胞体直径约为12μm。每个腺泡是由多细胞构成,最外层有0.1～0.2μm的结缔组织膜,内部有壁细胞、酶原细胞和王浆分泌细胞,其中王浆分泌细胞分布较多,细胞直径约为16～18μm,细胞核直径约为6μm。由咽下腺的形态结构和细胞类型推断,意大利工蜂咽下腺主要分泌王浆,也具有分泌消化酶的功能,同时了解到分泌消化酶和王浆的途径。

The research on hypopharyngeal glands structure and morphology of the honeybee workers, Apis mellifera L. would provide new knowledge on honeybee morphology, physiology and royal jelly production. The structure anti functions on hypopha^ngeal glands of the honeybee workers, Apis meUifera L. has been showed and analysed detailly on the morphology and cytology level by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope, parafin slice stained with H -E and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate that the hypophacyngeal gland is constituted by multiple ovoid acini. Each aeinus diameter is about 120×180μm. It is connected with tracheole between the acini. There is the nerve cell in the acini lateral side, the diameter of the nerve cells body is about 12 μm. Each acinus is made up of multiple cells. It has a connective tissue - like structure which is 0. 1 - 0.2 μm thick in the acinus outer side. There were partial cells, zymogen cells and royal jelly secreting cells in the acinus inside, which royal jelly secretory cells has more distribution, its diameter is about 16 - 18 μm, the nucleus diameter is about 6 μm. It is also inferred that hypopharyngeal glands have the functions of not only secreting royal jelly but also digestive enzymes. The tracks were also discovered for royal jelly and digestive enzymes secretion.