护理人员对艾滋病相关知识及态度现的状调查与分析

Current status of nursing staff's cognition and attitude toward AIDS

目的调查医院护理人员对艾滋病相关知识的了解程度及对待艾滋病感染者的态度,以便开展针对性的艾滋病防治知识培训。方法对120名实习护生,238名护理人员采用自行设计的调查问卷,由被调查者匿名自填,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果护理人员对艾滋病基本知识及发生职业暴露后如何正确处置掌握较好,实习护生、护龄<5、>5年的护理人员对发生职业暴露后正确处理率分别为94.1%、96.7%、99.1%;但部分护理人员对艾滋病病毒灭活方法、艾滋病窗口期、潜伏期概念等知识掌握不够;对艾滋病病毒灭活方法有45.0%的护生回答不全面或错误,护龄<5年的护理人员有28.7%回答不全,对于艾滋病病毒潜伏期及窗口期概念中分别有40.0%、65.9%的护生回答错误,护龄<5年的护理人员分别有27.3%、32.8%回答错误;28.0%的护理人员对艾滋病感染者及艾滋病患者存在不同程度的恐惧与轻视态度。结论加大护理人员对艾滋病知识的相关培训,增加其对艾滋病相关知识的掌握,拓展护理人员的知识面,注重心理素质培养,能增加护理人员对艾滋病患者的认识与理解,消除恐惧、歧视心理,使护理人员能积极、热情、正确地对艾滋病患者进行关怀及护理,减少职业暴露的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the nursing staffrs cognition of AIDS and their attitude toward the AIDS patients so as to develop targeted knowledge training for prevention of AIDS. METHODS The self-designed questionnaires were employed to investigate 120 practical nursing students, and 238 nursing staff, the questionnaires were filled out anonymously by the subjects, the statistical analysis of the investigation result was performed. RESULTS The nursing staff grasped basic knowledge about AIDS well and correctly handled after the occupational exposure, the accurate rates of handling after the occupational exposure for the nursing students, the nursing staff with nursing age〈5 years, and the nursing staff with the nursing age 〉5 years were 94. 1% ,96.7%, and 99. 1%, respectively; some of the nursing staff had insufficient understanding of AIDS virus inactivation method, AIDS window period, the concept of latency period;45.0% of the nursing students could not understand the AIDS virus inactivation, 28.7 % of the nursing staff with nursing age less than 5 years could not completely understand; there were 40.0% and 65.9% of the nursing students who had no idea about the AIDS latent period and window period, respectively, and 27.3% and 32.8% of the nursing students with the nursing age less than 5 years can not answer them correctly; there were 28.0% of the nursing staff who feared or discriminate the patients infected with HIV or the AIDS patients. CONCLUSION It is necessary to strengthen the training of the knowledge about AIDS so as to firmly grasp the knowledge, to broaden the nursing staffrs awareness, pay attention to the cultivation of psychological quality, to eradicate the fear and discrimination, make the nursing staff treat the AIDS patients actively, passionately and appropriately, reduce the incidence of the occupational exposure.