先秦子书的编集与“轴心时代”的经典生成——以《韩非子》成书过程为例

The Compilation of Philosophical Writings in Pre-Qin Times and the Generation of Classics in the “Axial Age”:Taking the Completion Process of Hanfeizi for Example

先秦子书的成书是一个非常复杂的问题,关涉到古书体例与"轴心时代"的经典生成。作为诸子集成之作的《韩非子》,其编集过程在先秦子书中颇具代表性。其成书大致经历两个阶段:第一,韩非去世后已有门徒整理师说,将其著述搜集汇为一编,但此本与今本相比并不完整;第二,汉初能见到宫廷内府藏书者,又将《初见秦》、《存韩》等秦廷档案文书编入,这是在武帝建元元年罢黜申、商、韩非等诸家学说之前完成的。以此为个案考察先秦子书的成书,可以对"轴心时代"的意义作更为深刻的理解:所谓此时期的"精神导师",更多是就文化元典的创制者而言,他固然主要指学派创始人,却也与整个学派相关。

The compilation of philosophical writings in the pre-Qin times is a very complicated problem,which involves the style of classical books and the generation of classics in the 'Axial Age.' In this respect,the compilation process of Hanfeizi is fairly representative.Its compilation went through two basic stages.First,Han Fei's disciples sorted out his teachings,and assembled his writings into a collection after his death,but that was not a so completed work in comparison to the extant edition.Secondly,before Emperor Wudi of Han banished the writings of Shen Buhai,Shang Yang,Han Fei and other scholars in 140 B.C.,people who enjoyed access to the court library in the early Han Dynasty managed to incorporate the court documents of the Qin Dynasty such as Chu Jian Qin,Cun Han and etc.in Han Fei's writings.From this case,we can get a better idea of the significance of the 'Axial Age.' The so-called spiritual master in that period was in a greater sense a creator of cultural classics;being mainly the pioneer of the school,he was also related to the whole school.