黑土麦田土壤动物多样性季节动态

Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Animal in Wheat Field of Black Soil

为明确麦田土壤动物群落结构特征,以东北黑土长期定位试验区中小麦连作田为研究对象,采用改良干漏斗法分离0～15 cm土层中的土壤动物,将捕获到的所有土壤动物鉴定到科。共采集农田土壤动物1 415只,隶属43科。其中高壳甲螨科(Liodidae)和小甲螨科(Oribatellidae)为麦田土壤动物中的优势类群。麦田土壤动物数量、科数在小麦生长中期出现高峰,多样性不断升高,均匀度和优势度呈负相关。在生长中期和收获后期麦田土壤动物垂直分布出现表聚特征。麦田土壤动物多样性受人为扰动影响较大,且土壤动物的种群结构存在明显地季节动态。

The soil animal in wheat continuous cropping field was investigated to define the community structure character of soil animal in wheat field in the black soil field northeast China. Modified Tullgren method was used to extract soil animal from 0-15 cm layer of soil. 1 415 individuals belonging to 43 families were extracted totally. The dominance families were Lio- didae and Oribatellidae. Peak of abundance and family number was shown in the middle date of wheat growing, the diver- sity increased obviously and the negative correlation was observed between the evenness and dnminance. The surface accu- mulative phenomenon of animal vertical distribution appeared in middle growing period and late harvesting period. The di- versity of soil animal in wheat field was disturbed by human being, and the community changed with season.