中国农田重金属问题的若干思考

SOME DELIBERATIONS ON THE ISSUES OF HEAVY METALS IN FARMLANDS OF CHINA

在对我国若干典型区域调研及资料分析的基础上,作出了当前我国耕地重金属"主产区基本安全,重点区域风险较大"的基本判断,提出了针对农田土壤采用"重金属含量超标"替代"重金属污染"的观点,指出我国农业主产区农田重金属存在明显的累积趋势。同时,在对我国土壤重金属钝化和活化、植物吸收和阻控、微生物转化和利用等研究成果进行总结和借鉴基础上,提出了强化重金属超标农田安全利用、重金属含量阈值制订、重金属污染源头和过程阻控、超标农田修复以及产地环境安全保障体系等系列建议。

On the basis of the site-specific survey and data analyses, we got a viewpoint that the heavy metal contents in the main agricultural regions of China were acceptable and safe, except some specific regions with high risk of heavy metal pollution. Although the heavy metal contents in most farmlands are just ＂overproof＂ rather than ＂polluted＂, there is a significant tendency towards the accumulation of heavy metals in farmlands. Meanwhile, based on the summary of publications on soil heavy metals in China such as immobilization and mobilization, plant uptake and barrier, and microbial transformation and utilization of soil heavy metals, some suggestions were proposed on safe utilization of farmlands with high content of heavy metals, establishment of heavy metal thresholds, control and remediation of heavy metal pollution, safely controlling strategies for producing fields, and so on.