摘要
产业结构变迁是资源重新配置,进而使得产业结构不断优化升级的过程。在此过程中,产业调整速度反映了结构调整的快慢,是体现产业结构调整特征的重要指标。本文利用我国1998~2007年间236个地级市二位码工业行业数据,提炼出我国城市产业调整速度演化的典型事实,并分别从城市特征和区域发展模式两个维度考察影响我国城市工业产业的调整速度的主要因素,主要研究结论如下:第一,我国不同城市产业调整速度特征呈现出极大的异质性;第二,目前我国城市内部产业调整速度相对较慢,滞后于我国所处的工业化发展阶段;第三,创新能力的提高能显著加快城市内部产业长期调整速度,FDI的引入能够显著加快城市内部产业的短期调整速度,但对长期调整速度没有显著的影响。同时,专业化程度在长期和在短期均对产业调整速度产生负面影响,专业化水平越高,产业调整速度越慢;第四,在珠三角"外源型"及长三角"内源型"不同的区域发展模式下,区域产业调整速度呈现不同的特征。
Industrial structure change is actually an industrial reallocation process during which resources are reallocated from the less efficient industries to more efficient industries to achieve a more optimized industrial structure. Industrial reallocation speed indicates how fast the industrial optimization process is going on. How is the industrial reallocation speed in urban China? What kind of correlation does it have with different kinds of city features? Is it related to regional mode? We use data of China's 236 prefecture-level cities from 1998 to 2006 to study these questions. We study empirically the influence of city features on industrial reallocation speed in terms of the city level and region level. By running OLS regression on cross section data, we study the relationship of city feature and industrial reallocation speed in the long run. By running GMM regression on panel data, we study their re- lationship in the short term. We have got four main conclusions. First, the intra-city industrial reallocation speed in Chinese cities displays high heterogeneity. Second, the intra-city industrial reallocation speed in Chinese cities is relatively low in terms of its industrialization stage. Third, urban innovating capacity can accelerate industrial reallocation in the long run while the share of FDI to total fixed assets investment can only enhance short-term industrial adjustment. At the same time, the degree of specialization result impacts negatively on industrial adjustment both in the long term and in the short-term. Be to specific, the higher level of specialization, the slower speed of industrial adjustment. This suggests that the improvement of the level of specialization on the one hand can generate the positive role in promoting regional economic growth through economic agglomeration effects, but also easy to form a path lock to the region's industrial restructuring. Finally, regional development modes do have considerable influence on local industrial reallocation speed. Fourth, between Pearl River Delta area and Yangtze River Delta area, the exogenous economic characteristics are more obvious for the former. That is, if the FDI of both area increased by the same percentage, the industrial reallocation speed of the Pearl River Deha area is quicker than the latter. Contrast to exogenous economic characteristics of the Pearl River Delta area, Yangtze River Delta area shows significant en- dogenous economic characteristics. That is if the employment raise the same proportion for the domestic enterprises in both areas, the industrial reallocation speed of Yangtze River Delta area is quicker than the other. In view of the above conclusions, we give three policy proposals. First, we should attach more importance to the cultivation of urban innovation capacity. As revealed by our study, innovation capacity can enhance industrial reallocation in the long run. So, by encouraging investment in innovation and nurturing urban innovative capacity, we can accelerate industrial reallocation. It is a rational choice for us to adjust industrial structure and transfer developing mode and complies with the guideline of The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". Second, we should improve the simulating capacity of domestic firms when we introduce FDI with high technology and management level. FDI can lead to industrial reallocation in two ways. First, it directly causes industrial reaUocation by capital expansion. In second, the high technology and management level contained by FDI can enhance industrial reallocation through technological upgra- ding. We have found that FDI only influence short-term industrial adjustment and have no effect in the long run. The reason may be that domestic firms have so low simulating capacity that they are not able to absorb the high technology and cultivate self-sustaining ability. It is critical to enact policy to improve the learning environment and thus simulating capacity of domestic firms, Third, we should invest more in infrastructure in the backward areas.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期34-44,共11页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
教育部人文社科青年项目"企业行为
产业发展与地方政府仿效--基于省际和城市产业发展互动的研究视角"(10YJC790333)
中国博士后科学基金"基于专业化及多元化视角的中国城市产业分工研究"(20090460833)
广东省社科基金青年项目"珠三角城市专业化
多样化产业分工及公共政策研究"(GD10YYJ02)
关键词
产业调整速度
城市特征
区域发展模式
industrial reallocation speed
city feature
regional development mode