21世纪中国的可持续旅游——一个研究述评

Review of Domestic Study on Sustainable Tourism in 21st Century

近年来,国内涌现了一大批旅游可持续发展研究的成果。本文通过对近10余年来相关学术文献的梳理,发现国内学术界对可持续旅游的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:旅游可持续发展指标体系构建及评价、生态旅游与可持续发展、生态足迹模型与旅游可持续发展、系统论与旅游可持续发展、旅游可持续发展战略分析、利益相关群体的分析等。此外,诸如环境承载力、价值伦理等其他方面与旅游可持续发展的研究也得到了一定的重视。在对以上各方面进行相关述评的基础上,针对国内旅游可持续发展研究的不足,本文认为,未来可持续旅游研究应当在研究内容、学科交叉以及动态分析等方面继续努力。

Born out of the concept of sustainable development, sustainable tourism development has lifted the research upsurge in academia. Research results of sustainable tourism are very rich in the world, and young Chinese tourism and tourism disciplines, also closely following international forefronts, has achieved a large number of research results. Based on an extensive literature review of domestic sustainable tourism research in recent 10 years, this paper finds that academic studies of domestic sustainable tourism mainly focus on the following several aspects： construction and evaluation of indicator system of sustainable tourism development, relationship between ecotourism and sustainable development, touristic ecological footprint and its application in sustainable tourism development, system theory and sustainable tourism development, sustainable tourism development strategy analysis, analysis of the stakeholder groups. In addition, some other aspects such as anthropological observation, integrity and value ethics also get a certain amount of attention. Based on the above analyses, as can be seen, domestic scholars have made tremendous achievements in the study of sustainable tourismdevelopment. Firstly, On the research content, scholars focus from the index construction of sustainable tourism development to cognition of the of the strategy of tourism sustainable development to the sustainable tourism development system, from the analysis in-depth study of the stakeholder groups. Secondly, research theory develops from simple geography, tourism to anthropology, economics, ecology, and even system science. Thirdly, research methods develop from the descriptive statistical analysis, qualitative analysis to muhi-dimensional mathematical analysis, artificial intelligence methods, and operations research methods. Nevertheless, tourism discipline that itself is relatively young science reflects the characteristics of the pre-scientific stage in terms of the research content, theoretical construction as well as the research methods. Moreover, compared with the foreign research and other disciplines research, the domestic research on sustainable tourism development still existes some shortcomings. So, according of sustainable tourism research should continue its efforts to the above analysis, the paper points out that the future in three aspects. First, in research content, academic circles should pay attention to all the influence factors of sustainable tourism development because of that sustainable development issues are involved in all aspects of the natural and cultural elements. In spite of the continuous efforts of domestic scholars in many aspects of sustainable tourism research, basically the study content is still confined to routine . So foreign scholars＇ research ideas on the impact of climate change, the application of modern technology for sustainable tourism worth our learning. Second, interdisciplinary research should be applied by integrating the multi-disciplinary theoretical knowledge of geography, economics, sociology, management, systematics and so on. Tourism comprehensive features are expected to attract more experts from different fields who research sustainable tourism and tourism scholars are also required to be able to get involved in more academic knowledge. Therefore, systematics research paradigm of sustainable tourism development that this paper proposed may give academia a revelation. Finally, thinking mode varying from static analysis to dynamic prediction should attract enough scholarly attention, and should become a research focus in the future. Whether the evaluation index system construction of sustainable tourism development or tourism ecological footprint model is only an interpretation of the existing tourism phenomenon and still belongs to the static analysis. There is a certain degree of uncertainty in the development of tourism, so that we dynamically predict the futural sustainable tourism development will be greatly conducive to the scientific management of the tourism administrative department on the basis of interpretation of the existing tourism phenomena.