论发展低碳经济中的市场失灵

On the Market Failures during the Development of Low-Carbon Economy

温室气体排放及发展低碳经济是最大的市场失灵,这主要表现为作为世界最大外部性的低碳经济、作为全球公共物品的低碳经济以及发展低碳经济中的搭便车问题。发展低碳经济中市场失灵的主要原因是缺乏有保障的财产所有权以及温室效应。因此,要通过制度创新建立有保障的财产权,从源头上减少对化石燃料的开采,还要公平地分配排放权。发展低碳经济面临着市场失灵,但我们并不能因此否定市场机制在发展低碳经济中的基础性作用,而是要通过制度创新来修正、调整市场,从而有利于低碳经济的建立和运行。为了人类社会的可持续发展,我们必须调整或改变市场经济配置资源的规则,要把减排、低碳、环保等因素通过规则、制度及政策嵌入到市场的制度框架中。

Greenhouse gas emissions and the development of low-carbon economy are the biggest market failures, which are mainly manifested in such problems as the low-carbon economy being the world＇s largest externality, the low-carbon economy being the global public goods, and the free-rider along the development of low-carbon economy. The major reason for the market failures during the development of low-carbon economy is lacking of secured property ownership as well as the green- house effect. Thus, in order to establish secured property rights through institutional innovation, it is necessary not only to reduce the exploitation of fossil fuels from the source, but also to allocate the emission rights fairly. To develop the low-carbon economy is faced with market failures, but we can not therefore deny the basic roles of the market mechanism in the development of low-carbon econo- my, rather to correct and adjust the market through institutional innovations, so as to facilitate the es- tablishment and operation of the low-carbon economy. For the sake of the sustainable development of human society, we have to adjust or change the rules of the resource allocation in the market econo- my, embedding such factors as emission reduction, low-carbon, environmental protection, etc. into the institutional framework of the market via rules, systems and policies.