英汉有定与无定的图式特征

The Schematic Features of Definiteness and Indefiniteness in English and Chinese

名词短语的有定与无定在英汉语中的体现方式存在很大的差异。英语标示有定与无定的典型方式是使用定冠词the和a(n)加名词短语,体现一种非此即彼的有定或无定含义,而汉语则是使用光杆名词短语(bare noun),其有(无)定性受语序及语境的制约,体现为某种程度上的有(无)定性。本文利用Langacker对英语有定及无定结构的图式分析方法,一方面重新审视这一图式分析的合理性,另一方面,借用这种图式分析方法考察"人来了"这种典型的汉语有定结构的图式语义特征,目的是用一种明晰的方式展现英汉语有(无)定含义表达的差异。

Definiteness and indefiniteness exhibit great differences in English and Chinese noun phrases. （In）definiteness in English is typically marked by the use of the or a （n） plus a noun phrase, conveying a rather definite sense of definiteness or indefiniteness, while in Chinese a bare noun is typically used to convey such senses with syntactic and contextual constraints, showing a certain degree of （in）definiteness. In light of Langacker＇ s schematic approach to English definite and indefinite forms, this thesis first of all reviews the legitimacy of this approach, and then extends to the study of a typical Chinese definite construction, i. e..人来了. Through an analysis of the schematized semantic features of this construction, it is intended to show in a lucid manner the differences of expressing definiteness in the two languages.