论马克思正义观的特质

The Features of Marx's Notion of Justice

马克思在推进其历史唯物主义理论时,并没有消解正义观念,而是在强烈的价值担当的承诺中,厘定了其阐发正义思想的独特路径,使其正义观念呈现出异质于自由主义正义观的几个重要特质:其一,马克思的正义观不是一种补救性的社会价值,而是在革命之问题意识下确立起来的思想规范;其二,马克思的正义观不是基于所有权的,而是基于"人的自我实现"的;其三,马克思的正义观不是超历史的,而是在历史性的视域内提出来的。马克思正义观这几个方面的特质并不是相互外在、互为他者的;相反,它们是内在关联、彼此融通的。把握马克思正义观的这些特质,需要我们有一种清醒的划界意识。

Marx did not dissolve the notion of justice in his historical materialism. On the contrary, he fixed on his special ways of explicating justice in the promise of value, which makes his notion of jus- tice different from that of liberalism in feature. Firstly, the justice in Marx is not a kind of remedying value, but a kind of norm related to revolution. Secondly, the justice in Marx is not based on the own- ership but on the self-achievement. Thirdly, the justice in Marx is not trans-historical, but is proposed in the historical vision. These features are not separated from each other, but are connected mutually. A division is needed for the examination of these features.