唯美主义面纱下的现实主义——解析王尔德的《莎乐美》

Realism:Under the Veil of Aestheticism——An Analysis of Wilde's Salome

独幕诗剧《莎乐美》通常被认为是爱尔兰作家王尔德唯美理论的完美体现。然而,通过解析此剧可见王尔德所坚持的艺术观逐渐从唯美主义转向对现实主义的思考,唯美主义的面纱下实则深深地隐含着王尔德对19世纪末英国殖民统治的无情揭露与批判。在剧中王尔德把虚幻世界中的唯美和19世纪末的英国现实恰到好处地结合在戏剧表演中,从人物塑造、故事情节及诗剧的意象入手,反映了"为艺术而艺术"的唯美主义文艺观;同时更好地影射了英国与爱尔兰之间自我与他者的主奴关系、王尔德"去殖民化"心理及维多利亚女王强权政治等一系列现实,具有很强的现实社会批评性。

The one-act play Salome is often considered to be a perfect embodiment of the Irish writer Oscar Wilde＇s aesthetic theory. However, through an analysis of the play, it can be seen that Oscar Wilde＇s artistic adherence has gradually shifted from aestheticism to realism. Under the veil of aestheticism, he ruthlessly exposes and criticizes the United Kingdom＇s colonial rule at the end of the 19th century. In the play, Wilde combines aesthetic fantasy with the British social realities in the late 19th century, reflecting the aesthetic literary view--＂art for art＇s sake＂ from the perspectives of character shaping, story plots and play images, while better alluding to such facts as the master-slave relationship （i. e. , ＂self＂ and ＂the other＂） between the United Kingdom and Ireland, Oscar Wilde＇s ＂decolonization＂ and the Victorian power. Therefore, this play is characterized by a strong criticism of social realities.