地震灾害救援动员中的选址分配模型与算法

Facility location-allocation model and algorithm for mobilization of earthquake disaster relief

在地震灾害救援动员决策中,考虑灾区需求的不确定性、救援品的多样性和决策本身的快速响应性要求等因素,结合我国地震带多分布于山区的特点,建立了一个面向地震灾害应急救援的选址-分配混合整数随机规划动员模型,以确定临时配送中心的选址、配送集散水平、救援直升机部署和灾区的总体运输分配计划,并基于模型的特点提出了一种快速求解算法.算例分析结果表明,该模型能在地震灾害救援动员中提供有效的辅助决策支持,且所提出算法具有较高的计算效率.

As in making decisions for the mobilization of earthquake disaster relief, some special issues, such as uncertainty demands from affected areas, multiple types of relief commodities and the quick response requirement, must be concerned carefully and synthetically. According to the situation that the main earthquake faults of China mostly locate in mountain areas, a stochastic mixed integer model is proposed to determine the facility locations of temporary distribution centres, the initial inventory levels at these established facilities, the deployment plan of helicopters and the overall transportation plans from established facilities to affected areas. Furthermore, an efficient heuristic algorithm is also developed according to the special structure of the proposed model. The computational results of a numerical example constructed from the scenarios of the Great Wenchuan Earthquake show that the model can provide valuable decision support on the mobilization of post-earthquake relief, and the proposed algorithm also has high efficiency in the computation.