含巯基/二硫键聚合物生物材料

Polymeric Biomaterials Containing Thiol/Disulfide Bonds

含巯基/二硫键聚合物生物材料具有多种良好的性能,作为药物、基因等的释放载体在生物医学领域具有广泛的应用前景。随着基因工程和组织工程的发展,含巯基/二硫键聚合物生物材料的可生物降解性得到高度重视,而怎样改善其降解性能成为限制其应用的关键因素。由于二硫键在细胞外环境里保持稳定,在细胞溶质的还原环境中容易发生断裂,因此在制备新型基因、药物等释放载体上,二硫键充当了重要的角色,它的引入为聚合物生物材料的生物降解性能的设计与改善提供了一条重要的途径。本综述重点以聚合物水凝胶、聚合物微胶束、囊泡等为例,从巯基/烯的光聚合反应、Michael加成反应、氧化还原反应的角度,介绍了巯基/烯在聚合物中形成二硫键的不同途径的研究进展,并详细论述了基因载体、蛋白质载体、小分子药物载体三种还原敏感型材料的制备、表面修饰和改性的进展情况,进一步强调含巯基/二硫键聚合物生物材料的研究在生物医学领域应用的重要性。

Polymeric biomaterials which contain thiol/disulfide bonds with a variety of good characteristics have the strong potential to be used as release carriers for drugs and genes. With the development of genetic engineering and tissue engineering, biodegradability of these materials has drawn much more attention of researchers and become the key factor limiting their applications as biomaterials. Disulfide bond remains stable in the extracellular environment while broken in the cytosolic reducing environment. In terms with this property, it is frequently used in the preparation of the carrier materials for the drug and gene delivery systems. The introduction of disulfide bonds to the materials provides an effective way to design or improve the biodegradability. In this review, we focused on the research progress and test methods of the thiol/ene photopolymerization reaction, Michael addition reaction and the redox reaction taking the hydrogels, polymer micells and vesicles as the typical examples. Different methods about the formation of thiol/ene disulfide bonds in the polymer were also presented. And the preparation and surface modification of three kinds of reduction-sensitive materials, including gene carriers, drug delivery vectors and small molecule drug carriers, were discussed in detail. The importance of the research on the polymeric biomaterials which contains thiol/disulfide bonds in the field of biomedical applications