国际投资法中的人权保护问题研究——以国际投资仲裁实践为视角

Human Rights Protection in International Investment Law: From the Perspective of Investment Arbitration Practice

现有的国际投资协定极少对人权问题作专门规定,而双边投资协定为投资者确立了很高的保护标准,这使得东道国居民人权与投资者财产权之间的冲突与矛盾难以避免。投资者—东道国投资仲裁庭的实践则将这种潜在的矛盾明朗化。仲裁庭在实践中热衷于保护投资者的财产权,对于东道国居民的经济、社会等方面的人权,一般以程序问题为由加以规避。这些矛盾与问题源于对"国际投资法的自足性"和"仲裁庭身份定位"这两个前提性理论问题认识的不清。为平衡东道国居民的人权保护与投资者财产权保护,须从对投资协定实体方面和投资仲裁的程序方面,对国际投资法进行完善。

Since specific provisions on human rights issues are rarely seen in current international investment agreements which set a considerably high protection standard for investors, the conflict and contradiction between protection for the human rights of residents of host states and protection for the property rights of investors. The investor-state arbitration unveiled those potential conflicts. In practice, investment arbitration tribunals are zealous for protecting investors＇ property rights, and indifferent to protecting economic and social human rights of residents of host states. The source of the conflict is the failure to clarify the theoretical connotation of ＂self-containment of international investment law＂ and ＂positioning of arbitral tribunal＂. In order to strike a balance between protecting human rights of residents of host states and protecting property rights of investors, the international investment law must evolve in respect of substance and procedure.