中国沿海主要养殖贝类四种原虫病流行病学的调查研究

Epidemiological Survey of Four Protozoans in Shellfish of the Coastlines in China

为全面系统了解中国沿海主要养殖贝类4种原虫病的分布和流行状况,本研究从2006年10月到2012年10月的6年间,在中国主要贝类养殖海区采集牡蛎、文蛤和扇贝等11种养殖贝类331批共11291份,并对其四种原虫的感染情况进行检测和调查。结果显示,4种原虫的感染率累计为15.28%(1725/11291),其中感染率最高的为派琴虫(9.98%)(1127/11291),其次为尼氏单孢子虫(3.99%)(451/11291),最低为折光马尔太虫(1.30%)(147/11291),未检出包拉米虫的感染。在单个的牡蛎、花甲螺、菲律宾蛤仔、扇贝、溢蛏和血蛤中,存在多种原虫混合感染的现象,混合感染率为6.78%(117/1725),其它贝类均为单一感染,感染率为93.22%(1608/1725)。调查结果还表明,中国不同海域和不同品种的牡蛎,尼氏单孢子虫和派琴虫的感染率存在明显差异。该调查结果将为中国贝类养殖原虫病的防治提供重要的科学依据。

In order to comprehensive understand the distribution and prevalence of four protozoans of China＇s ma-jor coastal farming shellfishes, the epidemiological surveys were carried out started on October 2006 and ended on October 2012, The major farming shellfishes in China＇s coastlines such as Haplosporidium nelsoni, Perkinsus, Marteilia refringens and Bonamia et al. were sampled; 11 species including 11 291 individuals in 331 batches of farming shellfishes were collected to be detected and investigated for, the four protozoan infection. The results showed that the positive detecting rate of four protozoans were 15.28% （1 725/11 291）, in which the highest pos-itive rate of Perkinsus was 9.98% （1 127/11 291）, Haplosporidium nelsoni was 3.99% （451/11 291）, and Marteil-ia refringens was 1.30% （147/1 1291）, whereas there was no positive detection of Bonamia in shellfish in China＇s coastlines. Furthermore, there were co-infected phenomenon of the protozoans existing in single oyster, Paphia undu-late, Manila clam, Scallop, Razor clam and Ark shell, co-infection rate was 6.78% （117/1 725）, other shellfishes were infected single protozoan, and the infection rate was up to 93.22% （1 608/1 725）. The survey results also showed that there are obvious differences in the infections rates of Haplosporidium nelsoni and Perkinsus in Oysters in the different sea waters and different varieties of oyster, China shellfish aquaculture protozoosis in prevention, the findings in this research would provide an important scientific basis for the control of the four protozoans in farm-ing shellfishes in China.