维生素及矿物元素补饲对奶牛生产性能及健康的影响

Effects of supplementary feeding vitamin and mineral elements on productive performance and health of dairy cows

通过对16头断奶后犊牛、32头育成牛、82头泌乳牛、24头干奶牛基础日粮中补充维生素(VA、VD、VB3、VE)和矿物质(硒、硫酸亚铁、氧化镁)元素,研究营养料(维生素、矿物质元素)对不同生理阶段奶牛生产性能和健康的影响.试验分试验组和对照组,对照组只饲喂基础日粮,试验组基础日粮中补加营养料.结果表明:在奶牛基础日粮中补饲营养料能够显著影响奶牛产犊难易程度以及低产奶牛干物质采食量和产奶量(P≤0.05);对不同阶段育成牛体质量的增加有显著影响(P<0.05);对奶牛产后第1次发情时间、发情表现和高产奶牛产奶量的影响较小;能减少多种疾病的发生率,如胎衣不下、乳房炎、流产、蹄病等.

Effects of productive performance and health on different physiological stages cows were studied through supplementary feeding vitamins and mineral elements in dairy ration of 16 weaning calves,32 heifer,82 lactating cows and 24 dry cows.The treatment group took premixed nutritional materials in dairy ration.The results showed that there was significant difference in dry matter intake and daily milk yield of low yield dairy and difficult degree of calving between treatment group and control group（P≤0.05）.The weight gain of different stage calves of treatment group was differently more than those of the control（P0.05）.There was an influential trend to the first ovulation in the postpartum period,estrous appearance and daily milk yield of high yield dairy.It could reduce various diseases such as retained placenta,mastitis,abortion,hoof disease,etc.