一种能量高效和均衡的无线传感器网络分簇数据融合算法

An energy efficient and balanced clustering data aggregation algorithm for wireless sensor networks

在无线传感器网络中,如果传感器节点之间的能耗不均衡,一些能耗进度较快的节点会过快失效,继而导致网络过早无法正常工作。为了解决分簇无线传感器网络在数据收集过程中所存在的节点之间能耗不均衡问题,提出了一种新的分簇数据融合算法。该算法将网络划分为大小不等的栅格,并根据剩余能量使簇首分别在每个栅格的节点中轮转。簇首消耗的能量越多,其所在的栅格也越大,栅格内有更多节点参与簇首的轮换以分担能量负载。通过该方式,算法能够提高节点的能耗均衡程度。另外,考虑到无线传感器网络的能量受限,算法还采取了一系列措施以节约能量。仿真实验结果表明,算法在能量使用效率、网络生命周期以及能耗均衡程度三个方面都具有较好的性能。

In a wireless sensor network, some sensor nodes will consume their energy at a much higher rate and die much faster if the energy dissipation of nodes is unbalanced. Accordingly, the network will lose its ability prematurely. A novel clustering data aggregation algorithm is proposed to resolve the problem of unbalanced energy dissipation among nodes during data gathering in clustering wireless sensor networks. The algorithm divided the network into rectangular grids with unequal size and made cluster heads rotate among the nodes of each grid respectively in terms of residual energy. A grid whose cluster heads consumed more energy is bigger and has more nodes to take part in the cluster head rotation for sharing energy load. By this way, the algorithm is able to balance the energy dissipation of nodes. In addition, considering that wireless sensor networks are energy-restricted because the nodes are equipped with limited and non-rechargeable energy resources, the algorithm adopted a series of measures to save energy. The results of simulation show that the algorithm is able to achieve better performance in aspects of efficiency of energy usage, lifetime of network and balanced extent of energy dissipation.