生物发酵肥对温室黄瓜土壤微生物组成的影响

Effects of Compost Application on Microorganism Composition in Soil with Growing Cucumber in Greenhouse

以大棚黄瓜根区土壤为研究对象,测定了不同施肥方式下温室黄瓜地土壤微生物3大类群和主要功能群组成及土壤微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC),研究了温室中不同施肥方式对黄瓜根区土壤微生物组成及土壤MBC(土壤微生物生物量碳)的影响,探讨了微生物发酵有机肥对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量由高到低的顺序依次为:发酵肥>发酵肥+50%化肥>常规施肥>普通有机肥>CK;土壤微生物综合指标Shannon-Wiener指数以生物发酵肥最高;氨化细菌、固氮菌及纤维素分解菌数量以生物发酵肥最高,硝化细菌数量以发酵肥+50%化肥处理最高;生物发酵肥和发酵肥+50%化肥两处理的MBC均显著高于常规施肥。施用微生物发酵有机肥可显著增加土壤微生物数量及微生物的群落多样性,并有助于提高土壤综合肥力。

Soil microbes in the root zones of cucumber were investigated.Three major micro-groups,major functional groups and the soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） were addressed with various fertilization treatments.The study aimed to further understand the effects of different fertilization on microbial composition and MBC in cucumber root zone soil.The results showed that the fertilizer could be ranked in a descending order in terms of the total amount of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes of the root zone as following： compost50% compost＋50% chemical fertilizercommon fertilizerordinary organic fertilizerCK.For the diversity,soil actinomycetes of the compost treatment had the highest Shannon—Weiner index and the greatest amount of soil ammonifying bacteria,nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cellulose decomposition bacteria,while the treatment with 50% compost＋50% chemical fertilizer had the greatest amount of soil nitrifying bacteria.Furthermore,soil MBC increased after applying both fertilizers containing compost.These results indicated that compost fertilizer could increase the amount and diversity of soil micro-organisms and subsequently improve the soil fertility.