准噶尔盆地沙漠梭梭造林中保水剂应用技术研究

Application Technique of Water-retaining Agent for Afforestation in Desert of Junggar Basin with Haloxylon Ammodendron

对几种保水剂在沙漠梭梭造林中所表现的吸水倍率和释水特性进行了测试,分析了保水剂施用对土壤含水量和梭梭幼苗成活率的影响,并对沙漠沙丘施用保水剂进行梭梭造林的关键技术进行了归纳。结果表明,在充分吸水情况下,吸水倍率表现为:鸿森保水剂>海明保水剂>金元易保水剂>沃特保水剂。从综合吸水倍率和释水速率来看,海明保水剂的保水效果最好。在自然条件下,干施保水剂可极大降低保水剂吸水性能。保水剂湿施可显著提高20-30cm土层的土壤含水量和沙漠梭梭造林成活率(p<0.01),湿施60g效果最好。建议在沙漠梭梭造林中,采用湿施法,每株施60g,施用前将保水剂充分吸水(30min),施入深度为20-30cm的根系周围。

The water absorbency and releasing characteristics of several water-retaining agents were analyzed in regard to their influences on soil water contents and survival rates of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings,and further summarized the critical afforestation techniques of Haloxylon ammodendron under desert condition with application of water-retaining agents.The results showed that under the condition of fully saturated,the agents can be ranked in a descending order of water absorbency ability as HongsenHaimingJinyuanyiWote.Considering both water absorbency and water release rate,Haiming showed the best water-saving effectiveness.Dry application of water-retaining agent decreased enormously its water absorption ability under the natural conditions.In contrast,wet application of water-retaining agent significantly increased the soil water content in 20—30 cm depth of the soil and the survival rate of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings（p0.01）.Wet application of 60 g per stem was the best treatment.We concluded that in the afforestation of Haloxylon ammodendron in desert condition,the application of water-retaining agent should follow the procedures： soaking agent fully with water first（60 g per stem）,applying under wet condition,and then burying and mixing the agent into the soil at the depth of 20—30 cm and near the roots.