4种土壤入渗测定方法的比较

Comparing Four Methods for Soil Infiltration Measurement

入渗是土壤的基本物理性状,与降雨产流、侵蚀、非点源污染等过程密切相关,快速、准确测定土壤入渗速率具有重要的意义。以黄土高原沟壑区安塞水土保持综合试验站大豆地的黄土为测试土壤,利用双环、单环、圆盘入渗仪、Hood入渗仪4种方法测定了土壤入渗性能,并以双环法测定的稳渗速率、Hood仪测定的饱和导水率、单环/双环和圆盘测定的累积入渗量为基础,比较分析了4种方法各自的优劣。结果表明,单环、圆盘、Hood测定的稳渗速率分别为双环的116%,111%和225%,双环、单环、圆盘测定的饱和导水率分别为Hood的65.8%,75.1%和105%,双环、单环、圆盘达到稳渗时间分别为100,80和30min。说明圆盘测得的稳渗速率、饱和导水率最接近标准值,而且省时省力省水,更适合于野外实验。

Infiltration,as one of the fundamental physical properties,is closely related to many processes including rainfall-runoff,soil erosion and non-point pollution.It is critical to measure soil infiltration rate quickly and accurately.Soil infiltration rates were measured using four methods of double-ring,single-ring,disc permeameter,and Hood infiltrometer on the loess-derived soil with planted soybean at the Ansai Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation,which is located in the hill-gullied area of the Loess Plateau.The results were evaluated based on the measured steady infiltration rate by double-ring method and saturated conductivity by Hood infiltrometer.The results showed that the steady infiltration rates of single-ring,disc,and Hood methods were 116%,111%,and 225% of that of double-ring method,respectively.The saturated conductivities of double-ring,sing-ring,and disc method were 65.8%,75.1%,and 105% of that of Hood method,respectively.The times of reaching the steady infiltration were quite different,approximately 100,80,and 30 minutes for double-ring,single-ring and disc method,respectively.The disc permeameter was more suitable to measure soil infiltration on hillslope for not only the savings in time,labor and water,but also the accuracy in estimating the steady infiltration rate and saturated conductivity.