从存现句的形成看其结构原理

Study on the Constructing Mechanism of Existential Sentences:A Derivational Viewpoint

存现句是一种从普通"施—动—受"小句分化出来的句式,通过对主语去施事的句法操作而构成。存现句在主语的物质性、施事性与宾语的自发性及对主语的依附性上具有此消彼长的关系,由此形成一个存现句系统。存现句的结构枢纽是存现动词。整个看,形容词、非宾格不及物动词、非作格不及物动词、及物动词构成一个谓词连续体,存现动词是中间的一段,语义特征为"离散性、全体性、简单性"。

Abstract The existential sentences are derived from the ordinal construction of ＂agent-v-pa- tient＂, by a process of agent deletion on the subject. In existential sentences, the features of ＂cor- porality＂ and ＂agency＂ of the subject on one side, and the ＂spontaneity＂ and ＂dependence＂ of the object upon the subject on the other side make up an as-one-falls-another-rises relationship, which gives an existential sentences system. The hinge of existential sentences is the existential verbs. Taken together, adjectives, unaccusatives, unergative and transitive verbs constituent a predicate continuum, in which existential verbs whose semantic features are ＂discreteness＂, ＂wholeness＂ and ＂simpleness＂ are in the middle.