河北昌黎生态监控区海洋浮游植物多样性变化趋势研究

Study on variation trend of marine phytoplankton diversity in the ecology-monitoring area of Changli in Hebei

根据2006-2010年,每年8月河北昌黎生态监控区采集到的浮游植物种类和细胞数量等调查数据,以Simpson优势度为指标分析其物种组成及群落结构的年际变化情况。运用3种多样性指标,即Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Margalef丰富度指数(dM)a和Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H)′分别进行站位分析及均值分析,深入探究浮游植物多样性的年际变化趋势及规律。利用水质综合污染指数(P)对海水环境污染程度进行指标评价。结果显示:5年中浮游植物大都隶属于硅藻和甲藻类,且前者占绝对优势,群落结构较单一,物种数目逐年减少;站位分析中,除个别站位外3种指标的变化趋势均呈逐年波动性减少;均值分析中,J值均处于中等水平,dMa值为波动性下降,H′值则呈逐年降低之趋势,表明浮游植物多样性总体水平逐年下降。同时,P值呈逐年波动性上升趋势,前4年为中度污染,第5年为严重污染。因此,监控区海域生态环境状况每况愈下。针对上述结果,探讨了浮游植物多样性变化的主要原因。对全面掌握海洋浮游植物物种演变,改善海域生态环境现状,实现海洋资源可持续利用和海洋生态系统可持续发展,具有重要的现实意义。

Based on the species＇ type and cells＇ number of phytoplankton monitoring results in ecology-monitoring area of Changli in Hebei Province in August each year from 2006 to 2010, this paper analyzed the species composition and community structure of annual variation through statistical calculation by using the index of Simpson dominance. In order to explore the annual variation trends and rules of phytoplankton diversity, station analysis and average value analysis were conducted to the biodiversity indices, such as Peilou＇s evenness index J, Margalef＇s richness index d~ and Shannon-Wiener＇s index H＇. This paper used comprehensive pollution index of water quality （P） to synthetically evaluate the seawater environment pollution degrees. The resuhs showed that： most of phytoplankton belonged to the diatoms and dinophyta in the five years, and the former had absolute advantage. The community structure of phytoplankton was relatively simple, and the number of species had been reduced year after year. By the analysis of stations, we knew that the changing trend of three indices reduced year by year. By the analysis of average value, it was known that index J was at a medium level and index dMa fluctuantly declined, and index H＇ showed the trend of reduction year by year. In addition, index P declined year after year. And the first four years showed moderate pollution, and the fifth year presented serious pollution. The results indicated that the level of diversity of phytoplankton decreased and the status of the ecological environment of monitored marine area was worse and worse year by year. In response to these results, the paper discussed the main reasons for changes in phytoplankton diversity. This paper can help to completely understand the evolution of marine phytoplankton species. It has great practical significance to improve the status of marine ecological environment and realize the sustainable use of marine resources and the sustainable development of marine ecosystems.