珠江口夏季中、小型浮游动物生态特征研究

Ecological study on meso-zooplankton and micro-zooplankton in the Pearl River Estuary in summer

根据2009年8月珠江口18个站位的调查资料,分析了珠江口中、小型浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构、种类多样性和个体数量分布状况,并探讨了主要环境因素的影响。经鉴定共发现终生浮游动物120种和阶段性浮游幼体5个类群。调查期间浮游动物平均个体数量为4 131.92个/m3。优势种为中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)、肥胖三角溞(Evadna tergestina)和鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirosstris)。珠江口海域浮游动物种类、数量和优势种表现出明显的空间异质性。浮游动物的种类数、个体数量和群落结构主要受到珠江冲淡水和浮游动物本身的生态习性的影响。聚类分析和相关分析结果显示,夏季珠江口浮游动物群落可划分为河口群落和近岸群落两大类,而盐度在其中起着关键作用。

Species composition, dominant species, community structure, diversity and abundance of meso-zooplankton and micro-zooplankton were examined based on data obtained from 18 stations in August 2009 in the Pearl River Estuary. A total of 120 species of zooplankton and 5 groups of planktonic larva were collected. The average of zooplankton abundance was 4 131.92 ind/m3 during the survey period. The dominant species were represented by Acartiella sinensis, Evadna tergestina and Penilia avirosstris. The species composition, abundance and dominant species of zooplankton showed distinct spatial heterogeneity in the estuary. The fluctuations in species richness, abundance and community structure were mainly determined by the freshwater inflow and the ecological feature of the zooplankton itself in summer. The cluster analysis classified the samples into two groups. One represented estuarine group and the other was neritic group., Salinity was the main factor in determining the significant spatial variability of the zooplankton community in the Pearl River estuary according to correlation analysis results.