深圳市健康社区示范点居民健康知识与行为干预研究

Intervention study on health knowledge and behavior in residents of health community in Shenzhen

目的探讨深圳市健康社区示范点居民健康知识与行为水平及干预效果,为评价健康社区创建提供依据。方法在健康社区示范项目的罗湖区、福田区、宝安区共3个社区随机抽取18岁以上居民,完成两次健康知识与行为入户调查。结果干预后居民总体健康知识知晓率(83.1%)高于干预前(73.3%)。居民健康行为形成率为74.9%,高于干预前的66.0%;吸烟、食用变质食品、吃饭看电视三种不良健康行为得到一定程度的改善。干预后,居民最想获取的健康资料是心理保健知识(41.3%)、传染病防治知识(34.4%)和慢性病防治知识(30.9%)。干预前,居民获取健康信息的主要渠道为电视(56.4%)、报纸(38.8%)和网络(36.6%),干预后为电视(53.9%)、网络(47.4%)和健康教育宣传资料(27.7%)。居民认为最需要改善的问题主要有治安问题(48.2%)、社区卫生服务问题(25.0%)与"四害"问题(23.7%)。结论应采取针对性干预措施,继续推进健康社区创建,提高居民的健康素养水平。

Objective To explore the status of health knowledge and behavior in residents and its intervention ef- fectiveness of health community in Shenzhen, and to provide basis for evaluating health community. Methods Three com- munities were chosen for comprehensive center from Shenzhen health community, and residents over 18 years old were se- lected for subsequent two investigations. Results After intervention the total awareness of rate of health knowledge in resi- dents was higher than before （83.1% vs 73.3% ）. Total formation rate of basic health behaviors was also higher than be- fore （74. 9% vs 66.0% ） ; the unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, eating bad food and eating with watching TV grew better than before. The residents made demands of health knowledge about psychology （41.3%）, infectious disease （34.4%） and chronic disease （30.9%）. Before intervention the residents acquired health information from TV （56.4%）, newspapers （38.8%） and Internet （36.6%）, but from TV （53.9%）, Internet （47.4%） and health education materials （27.7%） after intervention. The residents pay more attentions to safety （48.2%）, health service in community （25.0%） and ＂four pests＂ （23.7%）. Conclusion Counterpart intervention measures should be taken and to carry on setting up health community to improve the health literacy in residents.