社区灾害风险管理现状与展望

Current Situation and Prospect of Community-based Disaster Risk Management

加强社区灾害风险管理是当前国际减灾的主要趋势之一。经验表明,社区灾害风险管理是治理和减少风险并确保可持续发展的有效手段。在分析国内外社区灾害风险管理成效基础上,指出我国社区灾害风险管理还存在总体发展不平衡、社会化参与程度不高、综合减灾协调机制不完善、防灾规划和应急预案针对性不强、防灾减灾宣传教育力度和减灾资源整合力度不够等问题。在全球化背景下,与日俱增的各种灾害风险对社区减灾提出了更高的要求,建议从以下几方面加强我国社区灾害管理工作:促进社区灾害管理立法,建立社会参与的长效激励机制,健全参与式社区减灾机制,加强社区防灾减灾综合能力建设,加强灾害资源化利用,并注重多方共同参与的社区灾害风险管理模式的研究。

Strengthening community-based disaster risk management（CBDRM）is one of the main trends in current international disaster reduction.Experiences indicate that CBDRM is an effective way not only to control and reduce risks but also ensure sustainable development.Based on analyzing latest progress in practice of CBDRM,problems existed in disaster risk management of communities in China such as unbalanced development,shortage of public participation,effective integrated coordination mechanism and efficient integration of existing resources for disaster prevention and reduction,lack of effective disaster prevention plan,emergency plan as well as propaganda and education are discussed.The potentiality of disaster risk is increasing along with globalization.This requires further researches and efforts in legislation of community-based disaster risk management,establishment of social participatory permanent incentive mechanism,improvement of participatory mechanism for disaster reduction,reinforcement of capacity building on disaster prevention and reduction in community,reinforcement of disaster resource utilization.Furthermore,attentions should be paid to further research of multi-stakeholder participatory community-based disaster risk management model.