从“反对一切”到“联合一切”：二十世纪三十年代左翼知识分子文化态度的变化

From “against all” to “unite all”: the Change of Left-wing Intellectuals’Cultural Attitudes in 1930s

大革命失败以后,日益走向激进的左翼知识分子越发坚信马克思主义是世界的唯一真理,并以此审视中国思想界,凡是非马克思主义的思想均视为"反动","反对一切"成为常用语。但1936年后,原来所反对的大都成了联合的对象,"联合一切"成为口号。在这一进程中,左翼知识分子对世界文化的认识,从资社之分又回到中外之别;对中国固有文化的认识,从单以"封建"相称又回到古代、传统等说法;对自由主义的认识,从视其为"帮凶"到承认其"有一长"。这些用语的变化是思想变化的明证,明显受到中共政治斗争策略变化的影响。

After the failure of the great revolution, the left-wing intellectuals developing gradually to radical be- came more and more convinced that Marxism was the only truth and examined Chinese ideological circles based on that. All of non-Marxist thoughts were regarded as the ＂ reactionary＂ and ＂ against all＂ became the commonly used language. But after 1936, originally opposed objects mostly became joint objects and ＂unite all＂ had be- come the slogans. In this process, the left-wing intellectuals＇ understandings to world culture changed from the differences between capitalism and socialism to the differences between China and foreign countries; their under- standings to Chinese inherent culture changed from ＂feudal＂ expressions to back to the ancient and traditional ex- pressions; and their understandings to liberalism changed from regarding it as an ＂accomplices＂ to recognize its ＂virtues＂. Those expressions＇ changes were the evident of Left-wing intellectuals＇ thought changes which evident- ly affected by the CPC＇ s political struggle strategy changes.