我国铀矿废渣石污染特点及治理方法

A study of features and methodology of waste treatment in uranium mines of China

我国铀矿废渣石的污染特点,主要包括:废渣石中放射性核素含量高、辐射潜在危害时间久、放射性物质与非放射性物质复合污染及废渣石伴随浸出液的污染等。根据我国的铀矿废渣石的污染特点及其造成的危害,提出了红土覆盖法、添加含磷物质修复法和植物修复法。红土覆盖法对治理铀矿废石堆具有良好的稳定性,可以达到抑制氡的析出的效果;含磷物质作为一种廉价有效的重金属污染修复剂而被应用于土壤修复;植物修复法是利用植物对土壤中重金属的吸收和富集作用,以减少土壤中重金属的含量,具有费用低、重金属再循环好、对修复场地的破坏小等优点。

The pollution characteristics of uranium residue stone in China mainly including： residue stone in the high content of radionuclide, potential harmful of the radiation last for long time, radioactive substances and non-radioactive may cause combined pollution,and maybe accompanied by lixivium pollution and so on. According to China＇s uranium waste residue of stone pollution characteristic and the harm caused, we put forward that the remediation method are laterite cover, adding phosphorus material and the phytoremediation. The method of laterite cover has well stability to treating uranium hillock,and can achieve the effect of Nitrogen exhalation;phosphorus materials are applied to soil remediation because they are cheap and effective repair agent to heavy metal pollution; phytoremediation is a method that utilizing plant＇s absorption and enrichment to heavy metal in soil, so that reducing the content of heavy metal in soil, meanwhile,this method has many advantages such as low cost, well recirculation of heavy metal, small damage to repair site and so on.