反复体的语义特征及其形态句法表现

Semantic properties and morphosyntactic forms of the frequentative aspect

反复体作为一个数量体范畴,具有三个语义特征,即重复性、分配性和累加性。本文在考察汉语、英语、凉山彝语反复体的基础上,提出只有具有终结性语义特征的谓词才能带反复体。在形态句法方面,我们发现反复体在不同语言中主要有三种表现形式:在汉语中主要以"V-了-又-V"的形式表示;在英语中主要通过隐性频率算子表示;在凉山彝语中主要通过反复体词缀表示。探讨不同类型语言中反复体句法和语义上的特征,有助于我们更深入地理解不同语言在时体范畴上所遵循的共同原则,以及特定语言在形态句法层面上表现出来的差异。

The frequentative aspect,as a kind of quantificational aspect,can be decomposed into three semantic features:repetitiveness,distributivity and cumulativity,which are said to be universal across languages.Our comparative study of the frequentative aspect expressions in three typologically different languages,i.e.Mandarin Chinese,English and Nuosu Yi,indicates that the frequentative aspect can only be operative with telic predicates.Morphosyntactically,the frequentative aspect displays varied marking strategies in different languages.The general tendency is that in Chinese it is expressed in the form of V-le-you-V;in English it is expressed via a covert frequentative operator,and in Nuosu Yi it is expressed by a morphological frequentative aspect marker.The investigation of the frequentative aspect marking strategies in different languages enables us to better understand linguistic universals and differences in terms of how aspect is encoded in natural languages with different morphosyntactic forms.