基于粒子群优化的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪法研究

Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Array based on PSO

光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下,出现反向雪崩效应,导致输出功率出现多个局部极大值点,此时常规的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)失效。基于比较完善的光伏电池遮挡模型,对光伏阵列进行建模,验证其输出功率的多峰特性。提出一种基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的多峰最大功率点跟踪方法,并积累粒子个体搜索经验,提高跟踪速度。仿真表明,当外界条件变化时,此方法可以快速跟踪光伏模块的最大功率,从而有效地利用能源。

Under partially shaded conditions, the reverse of avalanche effect occurs in the shadow of photovoltaic ceils, resulting in multiple local maxima in the output power of photovoltaic array, then the conventional MPPT failures. This paper built the model of photovoltaic array under partially shaded con- ditions based on the perfect model of photovohaic ceils and verified the multi-peak characteristics of the output power. The paper proposed a global MPPT control method based on PSO, and improved the track- ing speed by accumulating search experience of individual particle. The simulations indicate the MPPT method can track the global maxima quickly when the external conditions change and make full use of en- ergy in the end.