塔里木河流域农业化肥投入的环境影响分析

The Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Chemical Fertilizer in Tarim River Basin

为了摸清塔里木河流域化肥施用对环境的影响以及与农业经济增长的关系,在分析塔河流域化肥施用强度、施用密度和投入结构的基础上,重点分析了化肥施用对土壤、水、大气等的环境污染,探讨了流域及各地州农业经济增长与化肥残留污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线。研究表明:塔河流域化肥投入不仅强度大,而且密度也高,化肥投入结构不合理,氮肥施用量大,磷肥增长速度快,钾肥投入不足。研究发现流域过量施用化肥已造成不同程度的土壤污染,也带来地下水污染及湖泊富营养化问题,大气环境和农产品质量安全也受到影响。研究结果还显示,塔河流域农业经济增长与化肥残留污染基本呈倒"U"型曲线关系,但尚处在曲线的左侧,如果能够引起重视,减少并合理施用化肥,将有助于实现以实现农业经济增长和环境改善的双重目标。

In order to understand the environmental influence from fertilization and the relationship between fertilization and agricultural growth, this article firstly analyses the soil, the water and the air pollution resulted from the runoff of chemical fertilizer, and we also research the relationship between the negative environmental impacts induced by fertilizer inputs and the growth of agricultural production in Tarim river basin by introduced into the environmental Kuznets curve from the empirical term, above which based on the analysis of applied strength and density of chemical fertilizer in the Tarim River basin. The research indicates that a large part of chemical fertilizer untapped and lost into the surrounding environment and the empirical results fitted well with the experience of the environmental Kuznets curve, but the inflection point have not reached. So we can realize better environment and better agriculture if we bring more attention and take measures to reduce and utilize chemical fertilizer.