矮秆超大穗小麦亲本与多抗丰产小麦主要农艺性状的配合力评价及遗传分析

Combining Ability Evaluation and Genetic Analysis on Wheat Agronomic Traits Involving Parents with Dwarf and Large Spike and Varieties with Multi-resistant and High Yield

为了进一步挖掘矮秆超大穗小麦亲本在遗传育种中的应用潜力,为小麦高产、超高产育种选择优良亲本和最优杂交组合提供理论依据,选用5个矮秆超大穗小麦品种(系)作为父本,8个多抗丰产小麦品种(系)作为母本,按NCⅡ遗传交配设计,采用8×5不完全双列杂交法,配制了40个杂交组合,对小麦亲本及杂种F1的株高、主穗长、单株穗数、结实小穗数、主穗粒数、主穗产量、单株产量、千粒重8个性状进行了考察,并在基因型方差分析显著的基础上进行了配合力评价及遗传力分析。结果表明:父本中A1、A3、A4是综合性状优良的亲本,其多数性状的一般配合力均较高,特别是穗长、主穗粒数、结实小穗数、主穗产量、单株产量的一般配合力高,而株高的一般配合力效应值较低,是很理想的矮秆超大穗多粒亲本材料。母本中B5、B6单株穗数一般配合力较高,株高的一般配合力效应值较低,可作小麦高产杂交育种的矮秆多穗型亲本使用。结合特殊配合力效应分析:组合B5×A3单株穗数、主穗产量、单株产量、千粒重特殊配合力效应最高,株高特殊配合力效应较低,可作为的矮秆、多穗、粒重高且高产的重点杂交组合。B2×A4主穗长、单株产量、单株穗数特殊配合力效应都较高,而株高特殊配合力效应低,可作为矮秆大穗高产的重点杂交组合。遗传力分析表明:单株产量、千粒重、主穗长、主穗产量皆在70%以上,表明这4个性状的广义遗传力较大,受环境影响较小,而狭义遗传力的分析除主穗长、主穗粒数、主穗产量、株高大于50%,其余4个性状均低于50%,说明受环境影响大,不宜早期选择,应该适当推迟选择的代数。

In order to further exploit application potential of wheat parents with dwarf and large spike in genetic breeding, and provide theoretical basis for select elite parents and excellent crossing combinations in wheat breeding on high yield and super-high yield, 40 cross combinations were made according to NCⅡ genetic design, using the 8 ×5 incomplete diallel crosses, which 5 male parents involving dwarf and large spike varieties （lines）, and 8 female parents involving multi-resistant and high yield varieties （lines）. Eight characters including plant height, main spike length, spike number per plant, the number of seed setting spikelet, the grains of main spike, the yield of main spike, the yield per plant, 1000-grain weight were investigated in parents and F1 generation. Combining ability evaluation and genetic analysis were carried out on the basis of genotype variance analysis. The results showed that： in male parents, A1, A3, A4 were theexcellent agronomic materials with dwarf and large spike and multi-grains, which with higher general combining ability （GCA） of most of the traits, especially spike length, the grains of main spike, the number of seed setting spikelet, the yield of main spike, and the yield per plant, and with lower GCA values for plant height. In female parents, B5 and B6 could be the high-yield breeding parents with dwarf and multi-spikes, which have higher GCA value for spike number per plant and lower for plant height. On the basis of specific combining ability （SCA） analysis, the B5×A3, which had higher SCA values involving spike number per plant, the yield of main spike, the yield per plant, and 1000-grain weight, and had lower for plant height, could be used as the key combination for selecting traits including dwarf, multi-spike, higher grain, and high yield. The B2×A4, which had higher SCA values involving main spike length, the yield per plant, spike number per plant, and had lower for plant height, could be used as the key combination for selecting traits including dwarf, large spike, and high yield. The broad heritability of four characters, including the yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, main spike length, and the grains of main spike, were more than 70%, indicated that the four traits was less affected by the environment. The narrow heritability were more than 50% for main spike length, the grains of main spike, the yield of main spike, and plant height, whereas the others were lower than 50%, indicated that these characters were more impacted by the environment, and should be select in the late generation rather than in the early.