不同小麦品种茎秆显微结构与抗倒强度关系研究

Study on Relationship Between the Stem Microstructure and Lodging Resistance with Different Wheat Varieties

为了研究小麦的抗倒伏性能,探讨茎秆抗倒性的微观结构及生理特性,试验采用田间与实验室相结合的方法,以目前大面积推广的常规小麦品种和有推广前途的杂交小麦为试材,从小麦的外部形态、内部显微结构及生理性状等方面综合分析小麦茎秆的抗倒伏性。结果发现,株高较低、茎秆重心高度下降、基部节间短粗的小麦品种倒伏指数较小,且秆壁较厚,茎秆截面积较大。通过显微观察可知,倒伏指数较小的‘百农矮抗58’、‘杂麦4号’小麦品种,其茎秆内大维管束数量较多,分别为41.8个/茎和37.7个/茎,而小维管束数量相对较少,分别为22.7个/茎和21.0个/茎。同时发现,茎秆倒伏指数较小的‘百农矮抗58’、‘周麦18’、‘杂麦4号’小麦品种,其灌浆后期茎秆活力较强,特别是矮秆品种‘百农矮抗58’,茎秆活力值达到了49.33mg/(g·h),且与其他品种相比均达到了极显著的差异。综合分析可知,‘百农矮抗58’‘、杂麦4号’小麦品种抗倒性较强,但茎秆活力与抗倒伏的关系有待进一步验证。

The wheat culm of widely-planted cultivar varieties and promising hybrid wheat was studied with comprehensive analysis through external form, Internal microstructure and physiological characteristic by means of the method of combining with field and laboratory, in order to research wheat lodging resistance, discuss lodging resistance of microscopic structure and physiological characteristics. The results showed that, the lodging index of wheat varieties was smaller, the stem was higher, the gravity center height of stem was declining and the basic internode was shorter and thicker, and the stem wall was thicker, the sectional area was larger. Through microscopic observation that the wheat varieties ＇Bainong AK58＇ and ＇Zamai 4＇ which were smaller for lodging index, the number of large vascular bundle was more, but the number of small vascular bundle was fewer in stem, the large vascular bundle were 41.8 and 37.7 of every stem, the small vascular bundle were 22.7 and 21.0 of every stem. And for the good varieties of culm quality, ＇Bainong AK58＇, ＇Zhoumai 18＇ and ＇Zamai 4＇, their stem activity were stronger during the late filling, particularly, the stem activity of dwarf variety ＇Bainong AK58＇ were 49.33 mg/（g · h）, and their stem activity reached significant difference between others. The lodging of ＇ Bainong AK58＇ and ＇ Zamai 4＇ were stronger after comprehensive analysis, but the relationship between stem activity and lodging was yet to be proved.