三峡库区玉米地方品种配合力分析

Analysis on Combining Ability of Local Maize Varieties in Three Gorge Areas

为了明确三峡库区玉米地方品种育种潜势,以三峡库区常用的7个玉米自交系为测验种,采用NCⅡ设计,对三峡库区14个玉米地方品种的配合力以及主要性状遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明,‘文峰白玉米’、‘大寨玉米’、‘太阳河白玉米’在单株产量、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重上具有较高的一般配合力。‘文峰白玉米’、‘大寨玉米’在改善株型、提高产量有更为突出的表现。不同性状SCA效应值变幅差异较大,其中单株产量变幅最大,为-25.48%～30.47%。所有性状中,亲本的基因加性效应均对F1性状形成起主导作用;穗长、穗粗、行数等7个性状广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可在早代进行选择;秃尖长、单株产量的广义遗传力较高,但狭义遗传力较低,不宜过早进行选择。

The primary objective of this study was to understand the breeding potential of local maize varieties in three gorge areas, 98 （714） hybrids crossed among 7 testers, which used commonly in three gorge areas, 14 local maize varieties in three gorge areas by NC Ⅱ mating design were used to estimate combining ability and its genetic parameters of local maize varieties. The results showed that, the general combining ability of the ＇Wenfeng white maize＇, ＇Dazhai maize＇, ＇Taiyanghe white maize＇ in kernel yield per ear, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, 100-kernel weight were better. The ＇Wenfeng white maize＇ and ＇Dazhai maize＇ had more outstanding performance in improving the plant type and yield. All the characters of SCA had highly significant variation, and the range of kernel yield per ear was the highest （from -25.48% to 30.47%）. The effect of additive variance was bigger than the effect of dominance variance in all characters. The heritability in broad sense and heritability in narrow sense were both higher in ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear etc seven characters, yet heritability in broad sense of sterile length and kernel yield per ear was bigger than heritability in narrow sense, in addition the heritability in narrow sense were small. So, these characters were selected would be based on their heritability. For example, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear etc seven characters could be selected in early stage, sterile length and kernel yield per ear ought to be selected in lately stage.