不同耕作对黑土酶活性变化特征的影响研究

The Effects of Different Tillage Systems on the Enzyme Activity Variation in Black Soil

通过对比分析,研究不同耕作条件下黑土酶活性变化特征,为退化黑土的定向培育提供理论依据和技术支持,丰富培肥理论。采用高锰酸钾滴定法测定过氧化氢酶活性,采用靛酚蓝比色法测定脲酶活性,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定蔗糖酶,采用赵兰坡等改进法测定磷酸酶活性。结果表明,碱性磷酸酶活性与4个常量(有机质、全氮、全磷和碱解氮)土壤理化指标之间呈极显著相关性,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶同时参与土壤磷素循环过程中起到很大的作用,并且影响着土壤中有效磷和全磷的含量,磷酸酶在土壤碳、氮、磷转化过程发挥着很大的作用,碱性磷酸酶活性的高低可以作为评价黑土肥力的最敏感的指标。蔗糖酶与脲酶、磷酸酶均呈极显著相关。通过土壤酶活性之间的相互关系,说明土壤酶不仅存在专性特性,同时也存在共性关系。酶的专性性质不但能反映土壤有机化合物转化的进程,并且共性关系酶的总体活性在一定程度上对土壤总体肥力水平方面起着很大的影响。

The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for the degradation of black oriented cultivation and technical support, and enrich the fertility theory. The enzyme activity variation of black soil in different farming conditions was studied through comparative analysis. The activity of hydrogen peroxide using potassium permanganate titration was detected by soil enzyme activity test method. The activity of urease was detected by indophenol blue colorimetry. The activity of sucrase was detected by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The activity of phosphatase was detected by Lan-slope etc. The results showed that alkaline phosphatase activity and four constant （organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available nitrogen） soil physical and chemical indicators were highly significant correlation. The alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in soil phosphorus cycle played a significant role in the process, and impacted on soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus content. Phosphatase played a significant role in the process of the conversion of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus. The level of alkaline phosphatase activity could be used as evaluation the most sensitive indicator of black soil fertility. Sucrase, urease and phosphatase were highly significantly related. The relationship among the soil enzyme activities indicated that soil enzymes had obligate features, and also had common relationships. The special nature of the enzyme not only reflect the process of transformation of soil organic compounds, and the common relationship between the overall activity of the enzyme plays a big impact on the soil of the overall fertility level to a certain extent.