不同发育期低温冷害对玉米灌浆和产量影响模拟

The simulation of the Effects of Low Temperature Disasters on Maize Growth and Yield During Different Development Stages

针对玉米生长季低温发生的不同强度和持续日数,利用WOFOST模型,模拟分析苗期、抽雄期和灌浆初期分别发生不同强度和持续日数的低温对玉米灌浆过程和产量的影响。模拟结果表明,从低温对玉米灌浆过程的影响来看,苗期与抽雄期低温导致玉米灌浆始期比正常气温条件下有所推迟,推迟时间为1～4天,而且低温强度越大、持续时间越长,灌浆推迟时间就越长;而灌浆初期发生低温时,低温造成玉米减产是通过直接减缓玉米灌浆强度和灌浆速率来完成的。从低温对玉米产量的影响来看,以灌浆初期低温对玉米影响为最大,其次是抽雄期低温,影响最小的是苗期低温;低温导致玉米的减产率在2.1%～16.99%之间,且低温强度越大、持续时间越长,减产率就越大。

In view of the intensity and continuous days of low temperature cllsaster occurrence, used by the WOFOST model, simulated the impact of the intensity and continuous days of low temperature disaster to the filling and yield of maize during seeding, tasseling and filling-beginning stages. The results showed that, the filling begin times of the low temperature during seeding stage and tasseling stage to filling process of maize were longer one to four days than that of the natural temperature condition, and the time would become longer with the stronger intensity and more continuous days of low temperature. But the effect of the low temperature during filling-begin stage to yield of maize by slow down and stop the rate of filling. From the simulation results of the effect of the low temperature to the yield of maize, the biggest effect to maize was that low temperature occurred during filling-begin stage, the bigger was tasseling stage, and the smallest effect was seeding stage. Reduce rate was from 2.1% to 16.99% caused by low temperature.