理智直观与诗性直观:柏拉图的诗哲之争

Apriori Intellectual Intuition and Poetic Intuition: Plato's Quarrel between Philosophy and Poetry

柏拉图的诗与哲学之争,并非诗与哲学之间的永恒斗争,而是古希腊在5世纪前后新崛起的哲学家与以荷马为代表的悲剧诗人之间谁能够言说真理的斗争,是哲学家的理性思维以及用确定的理念规定的世界对此前的神话—巫术思维的传统世界的清算和批判。这一争论不仅意味着古希腊文化从神话—巫术世界向一个理性世界的转换,也意味着一场古代的文化政治革命。在这一转换的话语机制下,柏拉图的灵魂"回忆"理论对神话—巫术的灵魂概念进行了扭转,在人的灵魂中揭示出能够与非感性的理念进行沟通的先验理智直观;柏拉图的"爱欲"理论对神话爱欲进行了批判性改造,形成了去肉身化的哲学爱欲,使爱欲趋向于理念知识。因此,柏拉图的诗哲之争显示出柏拉图试图用哲学所依赖的先验理智直观,对隐含于神话—巫术中的诗性直观进行清理和转换,以便使先验理智直观能够对感性直观进行规范并与之契合。

Plato＇s quarrel between philosophy and poetry was not an eternal struggle between them, but a struggle between the newly-rising philosophers around the 5th century B.C. and the tragic poets represented by Homer in ancient Greece concerning who had the power to speak the truth, which was a liquidation and criticism of the previous traditional world of mythical and witchery thinking through the philosophers＇ rational thinking and the world specified by the definite Idea. Therefore, this quarrel implied not only the transition of ancient Greek culture from the mythical and witchery world to a rational world, but also a cultural and political revolution in ancient times. Under this transformed discourse mechanism, Plato＇ s soul theory of ＂Anamnesis＂ or ＂Recollection＂ transformed the mythical and witchery concept of soul, and from the human soul revealed the apriori intellectual intuition which could interact with the non-perceptual Idea. Meanwhile, Plato＇ s theory of Eros critically transformed the mythical Eros and formed a deincarnated philosophical Eros, which was a pure passion towards the knowledge of Idea. Hence, Plato＇ s quarrel between philosophy and poetry shows that he tried to use the apriori intellectual intuition upon which philosophy depended to liquidate and transform the poetic intuition which was hidden in the myths and witchcraft, so as to enable the apriori intellectual intuition to normalize and harmonize the perceptual intuition.