明清海上商业力量研究述评

A Summary Commentary of the Researches on the Maritime Commercial Power in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

明清时期海上商业力量的发展变化是当时中国对外政策变幻的一个缩影。从世界范围来看,海上商业力量的勃兴成为了推动人类近代史开端的重要因素。明清时期中国海上商业力量在摇摆不定的海洋政策中蹒跚而行,其中既有客观的时代背景,同样也有厚重的历史积淀的影响力。中华人民共和国建国以来,海内外学者对此问题分别从海外贸易史、对外政策和制度、海外贸易与资本主义萌芽关系、郑氏海商集团的历史际遇等方面进行了多方位深入的探讨,并取得了诸多可喜的研究成果。但是,整体上看,既往的研究仍有一定的不足和尚待进行探索的学术空间,其主要体现是在研究方法上过于单一,多学科间的交叉运用尚显薄弱,同时研究的视野有过多的局限等方面。

The changes of the maritime commercial forces during the Ming and Qing dynasties were a reflection of the changes in China foreign policies in those days. From a global point of view, the emergence and development of maritime commercial forces became a crucial factor ushering in the early modem times. The maritime commercial forces of the Ming and Qing dynasties had a unsteady devel- opment under the influence of the maritime policies and tradition. Since the founding of the People ＇ s Republic of China, scholars at home and abroad have studied the related issues like overseas trade history, foreign policy and institutions, overseas trade relations with the emergence of capitalism, the Zheng＇ s Maritime Group, and obtained remarkable resuhs. However, on the whole there are still weaknesses in the previous researches such as limitations in research approaches and vision.