2010年河南省地方病健康教育干预效果评价

Outcome assessment of health education on endemic diseases in Henan province in 2010

目的规范全省健康教育计划，了解健康教育过程，评价2010年河南省地方病防治健康教育效果。方法2010年，按照《河南省2009年地方病防治项目健康教育技术方案》要求，结合河南省地方病病情，在病区共抽取18个市的50个县（市、区）作为项目县，采用问卷方式对项目乡（镇）小学的学生和项目村的家庭主妇进行地方病知识知晓率基线调查，然后在项目县、乡、村、学校开展健康教育干预活动，2个月通过问卷调查评价干预效果。结果全省基线调查小学生5523人和家庭主妇3026人．效果评价调查小学生5417人和家庭主妇2891人。健康教育干预后，地方病知识知晓率小学生从基线调查的66．31％（10987／16569）提高到93．84％（15250／16251），差异有统计学意义（）（。=3877．78，P〈0．01），家庭主妇从基线调查的67．56％（6133／9078）提高到92．67％（8037／8673），差异有统计学意义（x。=1736．33，P〈0．01）；其中碘缺乏病、饮水型氟中毒、饮水型砷中毒、燃煤型氟中毒防治知识知晓率均有明显提高，小学生从70．15％（6263／8928）、62．29％（4423／7101）、42．96％（185／270）、68．52％（116／270）提高到94．19％（8344／8859）、93．05％（6376／6852）、99．63％（261／270）、96．67％（269／270），差异有统计学意义（x2=1749．85、1939．26、211．83、74．43，P均〈0．01），家庭主妇从73．27％（3330／4545）、62．79％（2677／4263）、30．37％（85／135）、62．96％（41／135）提高到93．96％（4228／4500）、91．08％（3555／3903）、97．04％（123／135）、91．1l％（131／135），差异有统计学意义（x2=751．03、924．65、129．75、30．23，P均〈0．01）。结论开展健康教育干预对提高人群地方病防治知识知晓率有明显效果，今后应继续加大地方病防治健康教育工作力度。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic diseases in Henan province in 2010. Methods According to the requirements of ＂The Education Program for Endemic Diseases Control in 2009 Henan Province＂, 50 counties （districts） of 18 cities with endemic diseases were selected. Referring to the health education questionnaire in the program, knowledge of endemic diseases were asked of pupils and housewives. Intervention effects were evaluated two months after teaching pupils and housewives in counties, towns, villages and schools with the knowledge of endemic diseases and the questionnaire was used. Results Among 50 counties investigated, 5523 pupils and 3206 housewives were surveyed in the baseline according to the requirement, and 5417 pupils and 2891 housewives were surveyed for outcome evaluation. The results showed that after this education, pupils＇ knowledge about endemic diseases increased from 66.31% （10 987/16 569） in the baseline survey to 93.84%（ 15 250/16 251 ）, the difference have statistical significant（~2 = 3877.78,P 〈 0.01 ） ; housewives from 67.56%（6133/9078）to 92.67%（8037/8673）, the difference have statistical significant（x2 = 1736.33, P 〈 0.01）. After the education, the pupils＇ knowledge about the iodine deficiency disorders, drinking-water-borne fluorosis and arsenic poisning, coal-burning-borne fluorosis increased from 70.15% （6263/8928）, 62.29% （4423/ 7101）, 42.96% （185/270）, 68.52% （116/270） to 94.19% （8344/8859）, 93.05% （6376/6852）,99.63% （261/270）, 96.67%（269/270）, the difference have statistical significant（x2 = 1749.85, 1939.26, 211.83, 74.43, all P 〈 0.01）, housewives＇ knowledge about the iodine shortage diseases, drinking-water-borne fluorosis, the endemic fluorine, the arsenic poisoning increased from 73,27% （3330/4545）, 62.79% （2677/4263）, 30.37% （85/135）, 62.96% （41/135） to 93.96%（4228/4500）, 91.08%（3555/3903）, 97.04%（123/135）, 91.11%（131/135）, the difference have statistical significant（x2 = 751.03, 924.65, 129.75, 30.23, all P 〈 0.01）. Conehmions Health education intervention has a marked effect in increasing the peoples＇ knowledge of endemic diseases. Therefore health education should be enhanced in the future.