免费搭乘致害过失归责论

Imputation of Harmful Fault in a Free Hitchhiking Process

近年来,相互搭乘机动车出行已成为生活常态,而对"免费搭乘"及其致害后侵权责任如何承担并没有明确的法律规定,有关法律解释也有显失公平之处。鉴于免费搭乘好意施惠的特殊性,免费搭乘致害与一般交通事故则应该区别对待,并适用于过失归责原则,根据被搭乘人的过失程度来确定损害赔偿责任的承担。同时,要加快对免费搭乘行为的立法进程,完善保险制度和社会救济制度,分散和减轻被搭乘人的责任,并使受害的搭乘人得到必要的救济。

In recent years, hitchhiking has been a common behavior of daily life. However, there is no definite legal provision for the tort liability for damage caused by a free ride and the legal interpretation is obviously unjust to some extent. Given that the nature of a free ride is special in terms of kindness and unprofitable offer, damage caused by it should be treated distinctively from ordinary traffic accidents and be applied to fault imputation principles, ascertaining the liability of damage according to the degree of blame of hitchhikers. In addi- tion, the authorities must accelerate the legislation process for free ride behavior, improve the insurance and social relief system, diffuse and lessen the liability of drivers that offer the free ride, and ensure the damaged hitchhikers to obtain necessary relief.