肿瘤相关基因GPRC5A研究进展

Advances in research of tumor-related gene GPRC5A

1998年,在人类口腔鳞癌细胞株UMSCC-22B中首次发现了GPRC5A(Gprotein-coupled receptor family C,member 5,group A)基因。后续的研究提示,GPRC5A是肺癌特异的抑癌基因,与长期慢性感染和吸烟等因素密切相关;而在乳腺癌和胃癌中,GPRC5A又作为癌基因促进肿瘤细胞增殖。GPRC5A受维甲酸、p53和环腺苷酸(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)的调节,并活化非经典Wnt信号通路,抑制信号转导及转录活化因子3(signal transducers and activators of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路。本综述重点阐述了GPRC5A的生物学特性,与肺癌、乳腺癌和胃癌发生的关系,及其潜在的信号调控通路,以期为肺癌、乳腺癌及胃癌的预防和靶向治疗提供新的思路。

In 1998, GPRC5A （G protein-coupled receptor family C, member 5, group A） was first reported as a new gene discovered in human oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell line UMSCC-22B. The following studies indicate that GPRC5A is a tumor suppressor gene specific for lung cancer and it is closely related to the factors of long-term chronic infection and smoking; but it can also promote the proliferation of breast cancer and gastric cancer cells as an oncogene. GPRC5A is regulated by retinoic acid, p53 and cAMP （cyclic adenosine monophosphate）, and it activates non-classical Wnt signalling pathway and inhibits STAT3 （signal transducers and activators of transcription 3） signalling pathway. This review focuses on the biological features of GPRC5A, its relation to the carcinogenesis of lung cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer, and the potential regulation of signalling pathways related to GPRC5A, which aims to provide new ideas for prevention and targeted therapy of lung cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer.