2000年的企业战略规模优势

Year 2000 Business Strategies- Scale Advantages

分析中国的产业就会发现,在许多产业中大企业比小企业的利润高。我们按照不同产业,以企业的规模(如销售额、产量)为横轴,以企业的利润(如税前销售额、利润率)为纵轴画一张座标图,就会得到一条右边向上的曲线,即企业的规模越大越赢利的结构。行业不同,这种倾向度也不一样。最近在石油化学、零售、钢铁等行业这种规模优势的结构非常明显,而在制药、纤维、纺织等行业中这种优势则不太明显。

In many industrial sectors large enterprises are likely to be more profitable than smaller ones. The scale-based profit structure is referred to as scale advantage. The extent of scale advantage varies with the environment and maturity of the specific industry.However, sometimes the expansion of the enterprise does not obviously enhance its advantage, because of the phenomenon of scale non-economy.The most important factor for crcating scale non-economy is the increase of complexity.With increased scale,there will be more organizing work and more complicated management ,which will incurthe incerase of cost and weaken the advantage resulting from scale enlargement. The second reason may be supply surplus,when sevcral companies in the industry try to increase profits by enlarging scale.The third reason may be the helpless industrizlion It is difficult for a single enterprise to have obvious advantage over other in competiton if all enterprises in the industry have the same technologies,products,and scale.This is the helpless state.under such a circumstance,the options can only be to change the industrial sturcture by the purchase and annexation of enterpries ,to shift business to overseas market,and to gradually withdraw from the industry.