深圳现存红树林群落的生境及保护对策

Current Status of Habitats of Mangrove Forests in Shenzhen and their Protection

红树林是分布于热带、亚热带海岸潮间带的植物群落,具有重要的生态意义和社会价值。由于人口增加和城市扩张的缘故,城镇边缘的红树林面临着较大的环境压力。深圳市是我国经济发展和城市化的重点区域,也是华南沿海红树林分布比较集中的地区之一。深圳现有红树林面积169.7hm2,占深圳国土总面积的0.08%,集中分布在东部龙岗区的坝光盐灶村、东西涌,中部的福田红树林自然保护区,西部宝安区的西乡、福永、沙井及海上田园等地。随着深圳市经济的飞速发展,当地的红树林面积增长受到阻碍,功能退化。在野外调查的基础上,本文对深圳主要的红树林群落的地理位置、生境状况、种类组成、发展前景和所面临的威胁作了简要的介绍与分析,为深圳红树林的可持续发展提出建议和对策。

Mangroves are vegetations distributed along the intertidal zones in subtropical and tropical coasts with significant ecological and social values. Due to population increase and urban extension, those mangroves close to urban areas were facing tremendous evironmental pressure. Shenzhen City was highlighted by economic development and urbanization in China, also one of the hotspots of mangrove distribution along the south China coast. Currently, the area of mangroves is 169.7 ha, representing 0.08% of the total area of Shenzhen. They are mainly distributed in Yanzao Village, Dongchong and Xichong Villages, Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve, and Xixiang, Fuyong, Shajing, Waterlands Resort. With rapid economic development in Shenzhen, the increase of mangrove area was hindered, and their function was degraded. Based on the field survey, mangrove forest communities in Shenzhen were briefed by location, habitat quality, floral composition, perspective and threats. Suggestions and countermeasures on sustainable development of mangroves in Shenzhen were provided.