晚清海军护商护侨实践及其得失

Practice of Pelagic Trading Safeguard and Overseas Chinese Protection as well as Its Success and Failure of the Late Qing Dynasty Navy

以前所未有的海防危机为背景兴起的晚清军事自强运动,其切入点和主要内容即为创办新式海军海防。初建之现代化海军及其远航训练,不仅为保护海外华侨创造了较为有利的条件,也强化了清政府保护海外华侨的意识。由此决定了晚清海军护商护侨从间接到直接的实践路径,巡护区域主要在华侨相对集中的东南亚和美洲,行动方式则为配合外交的军舰非战争运用。晚清海军的护商护侨行动虽然大多效果不彰,基本上没有达到预期的目的,但其意义不可低估,留给后世的思考亦值得重视。

Self - improving movements of naval military grew up under the crisis of unprecedented coastal defense in late Q!ng Dynasty. The key point and main content is to establish modern naval military and coastal defense. The nascent modern navy and training of long voyage helped the Qing Government not just provide advantages for, but also strengthen the con- sciousness of protecting overseas Chinese. Therefore, the practice paths of pelagic trading safeguard and overseas Chinese pro- tection of the late Qing navy had turned from indirect to direct. The coastal patrol mainly covered the area of Southeast Asia and America, where overseas Chinese are relatively concentrative. The navy conducted these activities in a way that took non - war naval vessel action with diplomacy. Although the action of the late Qing navy to protect pelagic trading and overseas Chinese did not bring remarkable results, nor achieved as well as expected, we could not undervalue the significance of self - improving movements hut let later generations pay more attention to reflect upon