操演的政治:现代国家仪式与民初政治合法性建构

Political Demonstration: Modern National Ceremony and the Legitimacy Construction in the Early Republic of China

现代国家仪式作为中华民国建立之初政权合法性建构的重要工具和措施,有其产生背景与契机,中国传统礼仪、节日文化为现代国家仪式产生提供本土资源,而随着近代中国逐步开放,西方现代仪式知识的传入及传播为现代国家仪式产生提供域外资源。民国成立为现代国家仪式提供制度保障的同时,也利用国家仪式操演,昭示新民族国家、新政府成立,并提供正统与道统支持,构建"革命"与"共和"作为民国"新传统",为新政权提供合法性支持。国家仪式及其政治文化,从传递社会记忆、维护政治秩序、构建文化传统、动员社会等方面形塑、表达和强化剧烈转型的民初社会的政治合法性。

National ceremony in modern China serves as an important tool for the construction of the legitimacy of the au- thority in the new Republic of China, whose emergence has its own background and opportunity. Chinese traditional rituals and festive culture is the indigenous resources, and with the opening - up of China, the knowledge of western national ceremony serves as the exotic resources, the two give birth to the Chinese modern ceremony. The new republic authority guarantees the ritual legal, and the demonstration national ceremony which affords legitimacy and orthodoxy, declares the born of a new na- tional state as well as the new authority. As a result, ＂Revolutionary ＂and ＂Republicanism ＂ become new resources of legality for the new state. In a word, National ceremony and its political culture contributes to the transmission of social memory , the maintaining of the political order , the construction of the new culture tradition as well as the social mobilization, which all re- build and express the legitimacy of the new state in the rapidly changing time.