《清客新话》:日本对马藩尉探问清初“新知”——福建“漂海唐船”日记的意义

“Qingke Xinhua”:the Inquiry for “Xinzhi (New Knowledge)” by Japanese officials of Tsushima Domain in the Early Qing Dynasty:The Significance of Research on Fujian “Tosenn” Journal

《清客新话》(1686年)是日本江户时代对马藩保存的一种中国"唐船"船主所写的"每日记"资料,涉及清初福建遇难漂海对马岛"唐船"与日本对马藩主等交往的许多事情。其"问答"部分包括关于清康熙时代法律与赋税、清康熙时代德艺才学知名人士、清政府与朝鲜关系、中国历史地理与茶文化、一些官话词语意义理解等"新知"问题的讨论。其"短札"部分所透露的信息很多,如"唐船"财务出纳制度、内部管理方式、"海神"信仰、日本对"唐船"限制措施等。《清客新话》对研究清初日本和中国文化交流史、清初"唐船"管理和商品买卖及输往日本货物品种常态、清初"唐船"海洋文明与文学艺术关系、清初官话词汇史及对外汉语教学历史等,都具有重要意义。

＂Qingke Xinhua＂ （ 1686 ） preserved in Tsushima domain in Edo Period, is a journal written by ship-owners of ＂tosenn＂, which reveals the association between shipwrecked＂tosenn＂and the feudal lords of Tsushima domain. The section ＂Wenda （ Questions and Answers ）＂ focuses on issues including law and taxes during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, virtuous or well-acknowledged celebrities, the relationship between the Qing government and Joseon, Chinese history and geography, tea culture, and meanings of specific mandarin vocabulary, etc. The section ＂Duanzha （ Short Notes）＂ reveals more information about ＂tosenn＂, covering its financial system and management, the faith in sea god, and Japan＇s restric- tions on it. The preserved documents are of great significance in the research on the history of Sino-Japanese culture ex- changes, ＂tosenn＂management in the early Qing Dynasty, trade business and common categories of goods exported to Ja- pan, the relationship between＂tosenn＂ marine civilization and literature, and artworks of the Qing Dynasty, lexicon history of mandarin and the history of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in the early Qing Dynasty.