不同泥炭对仙客来生长和矿质养分含量的影响

Responses of Growing Media Nutrient Elements Concentration and Cyclamen Growth to Different Types Peat

比较了不同比例的国产泥炭和进口泥炭对仙客来生长和观赏性能、生长介质pH值和养分含量及仙客来各部位养分含量的影响。结果表明,在移栽后前85 d内,进口泥炭明显促进了仙客来生长,表现在株高、冠径和根系等项目上(P<0.05);移栽后100 d,以国产泥炭为主的生长介质明显促进了仙客来生长,但最终销售时不同类型泥炭对仙客来生物学特征和观赏性能并没有产生明显差异,用国产泥炭能够生产与进口泥炭相同品质的仙客来;随着国产泥炭比例的增加,2次收获后生长介质中的全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌含量增加(P<0.05),有效铁和有效锰含量与国产泥炭在原料配比中所占的百分比均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。与进口泥炭相比,以国产泥炭为原料的生长介质中的仙客来各部位具有较高的氮、铁及锰含量。

Peat was widely used as growth media for horticulture production for a number of reasons,including strong water holding capacity,high cation exchange capacity,high porous ability,and low electrical conductivity.Comparison of physical and chemical characteristics between Chinese peat and imported peat for agricultural utilization has been reported,but few reports have been concerned with the influences of Chinese peat and imported peat on growth of ornamental plant,chemical properties of growing media and nutrient absorption.The objectives of this paper is to evaluate the effects of Chinese peat and imported peat,or a blend of both peats with different additives perlite,acid washed sand and vermiculite on growth,quality and mineral composition of cyclamen tissue.Four raw material formulations were used in conjunction with three N,P and K regimes.Performance and mineral composition were assessed at 85 and 150 days after transplanting.At 85 DAT,height,canopy diameter and root development were less in treatments made from Chinese peat than in treatments based on imported peat or mixtures of Chinese and imported peat.At the end of the experiment,none of the four raw material formulations had significantly affected plant quality in terms of height,canopy diameter,number of open flowers and flower buds.Although plants had developed less root in Chinese peats,the leave were uniform in size.Therefore,plants grown in Chinese peat treatments were adjudged to be of marketable quality.As the proportion of Chinese peat increased,so did the concentrations of total N,available K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in growing media;whereas pH decreased.The highest levels of N,Fe,and Mn were again found in both leaves and tube from Chinese peat treatments.In the absence of Chinese peat,higher P levels were detected in these tissues although peat types did not affect available P concentration in growing media.The three NPK regimes had no significant effects on available nutrient concentration and mineral composition of the plants.