客观归责理论的引入与因果关系的功能回归

Introduction of Objective Imputation Theory and Reconsideration of Functions of Causality

我国刑法中的因果关系无论在理论研究还是司法实务领域都存在一定程度的混乱与迷惑,这在很大程度上与因果关系理论功能定位不清有关。我国现行的因果关系理论除了进行事实判断之外,还承担了规范归责的功能。因果关系应当解决的是构成要件行为与构成要件结果之间是否存在客观关联的问题,而结果能否归责于行为则是刑法归责理论的任务。客观归责理论的贡献在于,在承认条件因果关系的前提下,跨越自然科学性的事实审查而进入价值性、规范性审查的阶段。客观归责理论除了提供判断规则之外,也许更重要的是提供了一种逻辑思维方法,促使我国刑法中的因果关系回归事实判断的功能定位,克服我国因果关系理论哲学色彩浓厚、判断标准不一的弊端。

Research and practice of causality in Chinese criminal law circle seems far from satisfactory, which in a large degree attributes to implicitness of functional status of theory of causality. In China, theory of causation is expected too much. Apart from facts finding, it is employed to regulate imputation. What causality really concerns is to ascertain whether an objective nexus exists between the cause and effect, while it is the ob- jective imputation theory that is employed to determine whether the effect will attribute to the cause. Thus, the objective imputation theory, on the premise of recognition of causality, while skipping over facts finding that falls within the ambit of natural science, centers on examination of values and norms. In addition to afford jud- ging rules, more worthy deed of the objective imputation theory is perhaps to serve as a logic thinking approach that encourages people to restate causality＇ s function of facts judgment and conduce to curing defects in China＇ s criminal law regime concerning the causality theory, such as too heavy philosophical color, inconsistent judgment tests, etc.